Images from the scene showed huge yellow flames and thick black smoke rising from the front section of the vehicle as the fire rapidly spread.
Several motorists slowed down or stopped to watch the incident, with some expressing concern over the situation and questioning how quickly emergency services had responded.
The exact cause of the fire had not been established by the time of publication. However, some witnesses claimed the vehicle had been travelling at high speed shortly before it caught fire.
Photos from the scene appeared to show the vehicle's doors closed, although it was not immediately clear whether anyone had been inside when the fire started or whether all occupants had managed to escape.
Firefighters later arrived at the scene and began efforts to put out the blaze.
The incident came only hours after another vehicle caught fire near Mountain Mall along Thika Road at around 2:00 am on Sunday.
Witnesses said the fire started around the taxi's boot before quickly spreading across the vehicle. No injuries were reported.
Vehicle fires have also been reported along Nairobi's major roads in recent months. On January 29, a Range Rover Vogue near the Southern Bypass caught fire following a suspected mechanical failure, with its occupants safely evacuated.
On May 31, a Mercedes-Benz also burst into flames near the Ole Sereni Interchange after being involved in a high-speed crash.
Experts have previously linked vehicle fires to problems such as fuel or oil leaks, electrical faults, engine overheating and damage caused by crashes.
The incidents have also emerged amid concerns from some motorists about the quality of fuel being sold in parts of Kenya, particularly claims over sulphur levels. Higher sulphur content can contribute to compounds that may affect engine components, engine oil and emissions-control systems.
However, there was no immediate evidence connecting Sunday's fire near JKIA to fuel quality.
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